Driving Without Insurance

By Christos Chalfont

It is against the law to use a vehicle if you do not have a valid insurance certificate that says you are covered to use it at that particular time.

Due to the potential legal implications if you were to crash while driving an uninsured vehicle, this offence is taken very seriously by the Magistrates Court.

In order to be found guilty of driving without insurance, the Prosecutor only has to prove that you were driving the vehicle on a public road at the time in question and it is down to the defendant (you) to prove that you had insurance and you were allowed to be driving it. This is an unusually way of proceeding in court, but it is this way because it would be extremely time consuming and nearly impossible for the Prosecutor to prove that you were not insured because they would have to go to every insurance provider in the country and check that you aren't insured with each of them. It is therefore your responsibility to prove that you did have insurance to be driving the vehicle at the time in question.

Something that catches most people out when accused of having no insurance is that you dont actually have to be driving the vehicle to be guilty of the no insurance offence. The law states that you only have to be using the vehicle. Having use of the vehicle can mean that the vehicle can simply be parked on a public road outside your house and if it has no insurance you will be liable for the punishment.

Another way in which many people get caught out with the no insurance law is when they believe that their fully comprehensive insurance policy covers them to drive other peoples cars with their permission. A lot of the time, fully comprehensive cover does not actually include this in the policy.

It is extremely important to make sure that you fully understand the terms of your insurance policy and that whenever you drive either your own car or someone else's, that you are actually insured. - 23162

About the Author:

For more information about free legal advice please click no insurance.

Forex Trading Hours - 24 Hours 5 Days A Week

By Steve Maenshel

Forex trading hours are important for anyone who plans to trade currencies at the Forex exchange market. The Forex market operates twenty four hours a day, five days a week, except for national holidays. Forex trading hours differ due to that various major financial institutions operate in different hours in different time zones.

Experts identify four major time zones, whose Forex trading hours substantially differ: Australia, Asia, Europe and America. Forex trading hours in Tokyo begin at 23:00 GMT on Sunday. This starts the weekly trading session. The weekly trading session closes on Friday at 10 pm in Chicago.

Forex market does not stop its work even during the biggest holidays, because there will always be a region on Earth, which does not considered that day a holiday. The best examples are the opposing Christian and Muslim holidays. When a holiday starts in the Christian regions of the planet, you may simply concentrate your Forex trading hours on the financial centers of the Muslim countries, and vice versa. Even during the "global" holidays, currency trading usually does not just stop. For example, during the Catholic Christmas, you can still get the currency quotes from Muslim countries and other Asian countries banks.

Small volume of traded currencies (often referred to as thin) also occurs at the Forex market on the weekends, but the weekends spent trading at the Forex market, may not result in anything profitable, since it is very difficult to find a good contractor on the weekends, and it's even harder to find a good price.

Forex is an international currency exchange. This market is continuously working, just like a hive, with zillions of transactions, selling and buying different currencies - Euro, US Dollars, Pounds, Yens, Canadian Dollars and Australian Dollars. You will be able to freely trade on the Forex market within the Forex trading hours.

Forex trading hours are believed to also be present for one simple reason - the employees of various institutions need some time to take care of matters. Frankly speaking, Forex traders probably also need to "relax and get some rest" every once in a while.

The residents of different countries can be surprised that Forex trading hours start and end deep at night in their countries, however you should realize that the foreign exchange market works in different time zones, and thus while in some country Forex might seem to work "at night", in other countries Forex trading hours match regular working hours.

Forex trading hours

Forex trading hours overlap and make up 24 hours of every day, 5 days a week. Trades are also carried out on the weekends. However they are much less active. Below you can take a look at the Forex trading hours in the 4 major time zones, in accordance with Eastern Standard Time:

Tokyo Trading Hours: 19.00 to 04.00

New York Trading Hours: 08.00 to 17.00

London Trading Hours: 3.00 to 12.00 (noon)

Sydney, Trading Hours: 17.00 to 02.00 EST

Forex trading hours are also an important part of a trading strategy, since the trades will differ depending on the Forex trading hours, which you choose to trade at. - 23162

About the Author:

The author, Steve Maenshel, can help you understand forex trading hours. For more forex trading information, visit his forex resource center.

What Impacts the Price of a Stock? How Useful is Historical Data?

By Marv Doniger

There are a myriad of factors that are commonly used by investors to evaluate potential stock investments. These investment opportunities are often identified through the use of the numerous stock screeners that are readily available to investors. Common searches seek to identify companies that have a low Price Earnings, Price to Book Value, or Price to Cash Flow Ratio; high Dividend Yields; high Returns on Assets, Invested Capital, or Earnings; low Debt to Equity; and high Cash balances. In fact there are pre-defined stock screeners such as the Contrarian Strategy, Dogs of the Dow, Momentum Stocks, New 52-Week Highs, etc. that can be used to identify stocks in which to invest. The implicit assumption in using stock screeners is that there is a relationship between this data and the future performance of a stock. Should this assumption be valid then all one would have to do is run his/her magic screener and buy those stocks with his/her favorite criteria such as low Price Earnings Ratio and high Dividend Yield. In order to validate the premise that the data obtained from stock screeners influences the price of a company's stock, the change in the price of the Dow 30 Industrial stocks from 1999 to 2009 was compared to changes in the Returns they generated, their Financial Condition and Performance over that same time period. Returns included Returns on Equity, Invested Capital and Assets as well as Dividends paid to investors. Financial Condition included Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, along with Interest Coverage and Dividend Coverage. Performance included Sales, Earnings, Book Value and Cash Flow trends. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of the price of each of the companies comprising the Dow Industrials and these factors. The hypothesis being that there was a statistically valid relationship between these factors.

As the following chart shows, dividends had a statistically significant impact on the change in the price of the stock of Exxon Mobil, Hewlett-Packard, Merck, and Verizon. It had a moderate impact on the price of the stock of Alcoa, Bank of America, DuPont, General Electric and JP Morgan Chase. Earnings had a strong impact on the price of Citigroup's and Exxon Mobil's stock. The stock price of Caterpillar, Chevron, Johnson & Johnson, McDonalds, Proctor & Gamble, and United Technologies was moderately impacted by earnings. Price changes in the stock of Exxon Mobil were statistically significantly impacted by its Dividends, Cash, Earnings, Book Value and Cash Flow and moderately impacted by its Return on Invested Capital, Dividend Coverage and Sales. Another company whose price movement could be partially explained by change in these factors is Caterpillar. There were moderately statistically significant relationships between its price and its Returns on Equity, Investment and Assets; its Interest and Dividend Coverage; as well as its Earnings and Cash Flow. Perhaps one of the most astonishing results is that there were no statistically meaningful relationships between the changes in the price of the stocks of 3M, American Express, AT&T, Boeing, Intel, IBM, Kraft, Microsoft, Pfizer, Coca-Cola, Home Depot, and Wal-Mart and the measures of Returns, Financial Condition, and Performance used in the analysis. To put it another way, the price movement of 40 percent of the Dow Industrials bore no statistically meaningful relationship to changes in these factors.

FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK PRICE of DOW 30 INDUSTRIALS RETURNS FINANCIAL CONDITION PERFORMANCE Dow 30 Components Company Equity Invested Capital Assets Dividends Current Ratio Debt to Equity Interest Coverage Dividend Coverage Cash Sales Earnings Book Value Cash Flow 3m Co Alcoa Inc ● American Express Company, AT&T Inc. Bank of America Corporation ● Boeing Co., Caterpillar Inc. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Chevron Corp ●● ● ● ●● ● Citigroup, Inc. ●● ● E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co ● Exxon Mobil Corp ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● General Electric Company ● General Motors Corporation ● Hewlett-Packard Co. ●● ● Intel Corporation International Business Machines Johnson & Johnson ● ● ● JP Morgan & Chase & Co ● Kraft Foods Inc. McDonald's Corporation ● ● Merck & Co., Inc. ●● Microsoft Corporation, Pfizer Inc, The Coca-Cola Company, The Home Depot, Inc. The Procter & Gamble Company ● ● ● ●● United Technologies Corporation ● ● ● Verizon Communications ●● Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Impact ● Moderate ●● Significant Data Standard & Poor's

Based on the previous examination of the relationships between the price of the Dow Industrials stocks and certain measurements of their historical data, it should be apparent that stock screeners, in and of themselves, are not sufficient tools to use in selecting potential stock investments. Even if there were statistically significant relationships between the historical price movement and the data used in the stock screener, it does not mean that those relationships would continue in the future. Wall Street constantly warns that past performance is not indicative of future results, yet investors search the past to divine the future. It is like driving in traffic by looking through the rear view mirror and missing the collision ahead that is about to happen. As events of the past eighteen months have proven, highly improbable events can occur and inflict unforeseen casualties on investors. Since equity markets are supposedly discounting future events, investors should look through the windshield to see what is ahead of them and use the rear view mirror to see if the vehicle behind them has any relevance to their ultimate destination.

Marvin Doniger, Managing Partner of Doniger & Associates, is the author of A Common Sense Road Map to Uncommon Wealth, which is a treatise on managing careers and finances. His perspectives have been developed from his lifelong study of investing, his actual experiences as a registered representative, an individual investor, as well as from working for large companies in industry and as a management consultant to Fortune 500 companies. He is a leader in his industry. - 23162

About the Author:

Mr. Doniger received a Masters in Business Administration from Columbia University Graduate School of Business and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from Tufts University. He has taught undergraduate and graduate level courses in production control, inventory management, information technology and finance at Fitchburg State College and Webster University. CONTACT INFORMATION: Tel: 949-661-5456 Email: Marv@DonigerAssociates.com www.donigerassociates.com

Do Real Estate Agents Get Paid What You Think They Should?

By Adam Moore

You could have dealt with a lot of estate agents but did you wonder how your real estate agent gets paid? You certainly know of that all of the talk about commission, pc.s, charges, closing costs etc . Are broken down at closing. what are his exact earnings? The truth is that you aren't the person that is paying your agent a commission.

It is interesting to understand that the the man who toiled so hard to trade or find your place is not getting as much as you suspect. Ever questioned the way in which the money makes it to your representative? Here are a few ways :

The fact is that the estate agent you are interacting with either works for a brokerage house or an established licensed broker. Whether it is purchasing or selling the agent brings a customer to the table, and a deal is signed between the brokerage house and the client.

The commission is then divided up between the houses, and after that the brokers decide how much to pass on to the agent who truly did the all leg work. The total experience he has in this field or in that market, the time the agent has spent with the company and the level of his productiveness decide the amount he is getting.

For instance a green representative may only get thirty p.c of the cut where as a vet who brings in loads of business, could get half or even more of the proceeds.

There is another technique too. Here the agent can get the whole commission provided he pays charges each month to the brokerage house.

Some representatives find this deal awfully advantageous because regardless of how much they make at the end of the month the amount they have to pay remains fixed. For such brand spanking new agents, the standard split is more preferable as they may not be able enough to make that fixed payment every month.

Also there are some factors that gobble the ultimate profit manufactured by the brokerage house and the representative. In case the brokerage house is a franchise, after every commission there's a charge fee that has to be paid. In a number of cases referrals come into the picture too where the brokerage house sends a client to you, they can ask for a referral fee.

And then a certain percentage that comes out of the commission which is often paid by the vendor at closing. This is can be negotiable depending on the sort of market. Another point open to debate is the way the commission can be divided. So, as you can see, it isn't just the six per cent but a load more things that count. Your agent gets the cash only after everyone else gets the money. - 23162

About the Author:

The truth about how a real estate agent gets paid is finally revealed! Visit us at real estate agent wildwood nj to get all the free insider information.

Forex Trading Training Get Insider Info

By Chris Green

Forex trading training is very important whether you are a new or long time investor. Foreign Exchange or also called Forex, is the most talked about investment around today. With the potential of massive profits in little time, it is one of the favored investments. Many people wonder if they can truly make long term income out of this kind of market.

The truth is that it is possible to make this a long term income; you just need the latest Forex trading training. There is nothing worse then investing money into a trade that you don't feel confident in. Most people make uneducated trades, or they aren't basing their trades on the correct information. So to prevent this you need to slow down and take another approach.

Having the most up to date Forex trading training has to be the first step to success. What times of day should I trade? What are the common pairs to be trading in? Should I trade on Fridays? These are all basic things you should know before you consider making a trade, with all these questions floating around in your head, it will be near impossible to figure out and focus on a trade. So you are asking yourself now, how can you solve this easily so that you can get to trading and make the bank? Well to start off, like I was saying, you need to get the latest training out there!

If you ask a successful trader about Forex trading training, they would agree that it is one of the most important aspects of being a day trader. Knowing your most up to date information on your trades will make the difference between making profits, and losing your shirt. Take a look at the most successful traders, how do you think they are making better trades then the average trader, and making more profits? They are keeping them self ahead of the game with the latest training. The trader that takes the initiative to make an edge over the rest is the one that prevails. This is the difference between success and failure. The outcome of your trades is completely up to you and you alone.

Now I want you to stop and invest some time into Forex trading training. There are all kinds of little things that you can take a long time to figure out, where it would save a lot of time and money if it were taught to you. Why spend years learning from mistakes, when you can learn secrets of the market. Feel more confident about your trades, get the results you want out of your trades, and make the bank!! Be serious about your trades and take your profits to the next level with the latest training!! - 23162

About the Author:

If you truly want to get out of the ditch and make cash, look at the "Big Wigs" Forex Trading Training. If you are serious about forex, and you want to make real profits for your self, stop letting the "Big Wigs" spoon feed you info, find out their secret Forex Trading Training